In Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), new alters (also known as parts, personalities, or identities) can be created through a process called "splitting" or "dissociation." The creation of new alters typically occurs as a response to overwhelming trauma or distressing experiences during childhood. It is essential to note that DID is a complex and controversial disorder, and the exact mechanisms behind the development of alters are not fully understood.
The process of how new alters are created in a DID system is thought to involve the following steps:
Trauma and Dissociation: Children who experience severe and repeated trauma, especially during a sensitive developmental period, may cope by dissociating or mentally "checking out." Dissociation is a defense mechanism that allows the child's mind to compartmentalize traumatic experiences, emotions, and memories to protect the individual from overwhelming distress.
Fragmentation: During dissociation, the child's sense of self may fragment into different parts, each holding unique emotions, memories, and identities. These parts become distinct alters within the DID system.
Separation of Experiences: Alters may emerge to deal with specific aspects of the trauma or emotions. For example, one alter might hold the memories of the trauma, while another might handle day-to-day functioning or emotions that are too overwhelming for the core identity.
Isolation: Alters may remain relatively isolated from one another, with limited awareness or communication between them. This compartmentalization can contribute to the amnesia commonly seen in DID.
The creation of new alters in a DID system is not a random process. It is a coping mechanism that develops as a result of trauma and the need to protect the individual's core identity from experiencing overwhelming emotions or memories.
It's crucial to understand that DID is a complex and unique disorder. The creation and existence of alters can vary widely from person to person, and the disorder can present differently in each individual. Treatment typically involves therapy, aiming to foster communication and cooperation among alters, and helping the person develop healthier coping strategies to manage trauma-related symptoms. The goal of therapy is to promote integration, where the alters work together as a cohesive whole, leading to a more integrated and functional sense of self.