Determining whether someone is considered an alcoholic involves more than just the quantity of alcohol they consume. Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a complex and multifaceted medical condition that involves both physical and psychological dependence on alcohol.
The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) outlines specific criteria for diagnosing alcohol use disorder. These criteria include a range of symptoms related to alcohol consumption, such as:
- Consuming alcohol in larger amounts or for a longer period than intended.
- Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control alcohol use.
- Spending a great deal of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the effects of alcohol.
- Craving or a strong desire to use alcohol.
- Failing to fulfill major obligations at work, school, or home due to alcohol use.
- Continued use of alcohol despite persistent social or interpersonal problems caused by its effects.
- Giving up or reducing important social, occupational, or recreational activities due to alcohol use.
- Recurrent alcohol use in situations where it is physically hazardous.
- Continued alcohol use despite knowing it causes or exacerbates physical or psychological problems.
- Tolerance to alcohol (needing more to achieve the same effect) and experiencing withdrawal symptoms when not drinking.
If an individual meets two or more of these criteria within a 12-month period, they may be diagnosed with alcohol use disorder. The severity of the disorder can range from mild to severe, depending on the number of criteria met.
It's important to note that everyone's relationship with alcohol is different, and alcohol use disorder can develop at different levels of consumption for different individuals. If you or someone you know is concerned about alcohol use or its impact on life, seeking help from a healthcare professional or a substance abuse counselor is crucial. They can provide proper assessment, support, and guidance on managing alcohol consumption and improving overall well-being.