Diabetes is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (blood sugar) due to problems with insulin production or utilization in the body. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes: In type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This results in little to no insulin production. Type 1 diabetes is not considered "normal" and is typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence. People with type 1 diabetes require lifelong insulin therapy to manage their blood sugar levels.
Type 2 Diabetes: Type 2 diabetes is the more common form of diabetes, and it is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, and the pancreas may not produce enough insulin to compensate. Type 2 diabetes can develop at any age, but it is more common in adults. It is often associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and poor diet. Type 2 diabetes can sometimes be managed with lifestyle changes, oral medications, or insulin therapy if needed.
The term "normal" diabetes is not accurate since diabetes is a medical condition that occurs when blood glucose levels are consistently above the normal range. A person without diabetes typically has blood glucose levels within a specific healthy range, both while fasting and after eating. The normal blood glucose levels can vary depending on the specific measurement units used (mg/dL or mmol/L) and the timing of the blood test. However, the general ranges are:
- Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) Normal Range: 70-100 mg/dL (3.9-5.5 mmol/L)
- Postprandial (After Meal) Blood Glucose Normal Range: Less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)
It's important to note that individual variations exist, and these values can vary slightly depending on the laboratory and the specific testing methods used. If you are concerned about your blood glucose levels or diabetes, it is crucial to speak with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation, diagnosis, and management. They can perform the necessary tests and provide personalized advice based on your health status.