Blood pressure (BP) is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels as it circulates through the body. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is expressed in two values: systolic pressure (the higher value when the heart contracts) and diastolic pressure (the lower value when the heart is at rest).
Several factors can contribute to an increase in blood pressure:
Narrowing of blood vessels: When blood vessels become narrower due to various reasons like plaque buildup from cholesterol (atherosclerosis) or vasoconstriction, it increases the resistance to blood flow, leading to higher blood pressure.
Increased cardiac output: If the heart pumps more blood with each beat, it can increase blood pressure. This can happen due to various reasons, such as stress, physical activity, or certain medical conditions.
Fluid retention: If the body retains more sodium and water, the volume of blood increases, which, in turn, raises blood pressure.
Hormonal imbalances: Certain hormones like adrenaline and aldosterone can affect blood pressure. For instance, in response to stress, the body releases adrenaline, which can temporarily raise blood pressure.
Kidney function: The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure by controlling the balance of fluids and salts in the body. If the kidneys are not functioning correctly, it can lead to hypertension (high blood pressure).
Lifestyle factors: Unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as a high-sodium diet, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, lack of physical activity, and chronic stress, can contribute to elevated blood pressure.
Genetics: Family history and genetic factors can also play a role in determining an individual's susceptibility to hypertension.
Persistently high blood pressure, known as hypertension, can be a significant risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks, strokes, and kidney problems. Therefore, it's essential to maintain a healthy lifestyle, get regular check-ups, and seek medical advice if you have concerns about your blood pressure. Lifestyle modifications and, if necessary, medical interventions can help manage and control high blood pressure.