HIV primarily infects certain immune system cells known as CD4 T cells, which are crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system. The virus uses these cells to replicate and spread throughout the body.
With early detection, appropriate medical care, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy, many individuals with HIV can live healthy and productive lives for many years. Safer sexual practices, needle exchange programs, and proper blood screening have been crucial in reducing the rate of new HIV infections.