Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a type of abnormal heart rhythm, also known as arrhythmia, characterized by irregular and often rapid electrical impulses in the heart's upper chambers (atria). It can lead to inefficient blood pumping and an increased risk of blood clots, stroke, and heart failure. The symptoms of AF can vary from person to person, and some individuals may experience mild symptoms or may be asymptomatic (have no noticeable symptoms).
Common symptoms of atrial fibrillation include:
Palpitations: This is the most common symptom, and it refers to a sensation of irregular, rapid, or pounding heartbeats. Some describe it as feeling like their heart is "fluttering" or "racing."
Fatigue and Weakness: AF can lead to reduced blood flow and inefficient pumping of the heart, causing fatigue and a general feeling of weakness.
Shortness of Breath: Due to the compromised blood flow and reduced cardiac output, individuals with AF may experience shortness of breath, especially during physical activity or even at rest.
Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Irregular blood flow and rapid heart rate can cause a drop in blood pressure, leading to dizziness or feelings of lightheadedness.
Chest Pain: Some people with AF may experience chest discomfort or mild chest pain. If severe chest pain occurs, it could be a sign of a more serious condition, and immediate medical attention is essential.
Fainting (Syncope): In some cases, AF may lead to fainting episodes due to reduced blood flow to the brain.
It's important to note that some individuals with atrial fibrillation may not experience any symptoms, and the condition is only detected during routine medical check-ups or when investigating other health issues.
To detect AF or any other heart rhythm abnormalities, an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is typically used. An ECG is a non-invasive test that records the heart's electrical activity and can identify irregular heart rhythms, including AF. In most cases, it is not possible to definitively diagnose AF without a proper medical evaluation, including an ECG or other tests.
While you may not be able to confirm AF without medical tests, if you experience symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, or shortness of breath, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for an evaluation. Early detection and management of AF can significantly reduce the risk of complications and improve overall heart health. If you suspect you have AF or are concerned about your heart health, seek medical attention promptly.