Ultrasound is commonly used as a diagnostic tool for various medical conditions, but it is not typically the primary method for diagnosing prostate cancer. The gold standard for diagnosing prostate cancer is a combination of a digital rectal exam (DRE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test, and prostate biopsy.
However, ultrasound can play a significant role in the evaluation of the prostate and is often used in conjunction with other diagnostic methods, including:
Guidance for Prostate Biopsy: Ultrasound is frequently used to guide the placement of a biopsy needle into the prostate gland to obtain tissue samples. This process, known as transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (TRUS biopsy), helps to target suspicious areas and improves the accuracy of the biopsy.
Monitoring Prostate Health: Ultrasound can be used for monitoring the size and health of the prostate over time, especially in men with known prostate conditions or those being monitored for prostate cancer progression.
Assessment of Prostate Structure: Ultrasound can provide images of the prostate gland, helping doctors assess the size, shape, and potential abnormalities of the prostate. This can aid in diagnosing conditions other than cancer, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Guidance for Prostate Treatments: In some cases, ultrasound can be used to guide certain treatments for prostate conditions, such as prostate brachytherapy (a form of radiation therapy) or targeted focal therapies for prostate cancer.
It's important to note that while ultrasound can be helpful, it is not sufficient on its own to definitively diagnose or rule out prostate cancer. If a doctor suspects prostate cancer based on DRE findings, PSA levels, or other symptoms, a prostate biopsy is typically required to confirm the diagnosis. The biopsy samples are then examined under a microscope by a pathologist to determine whether cancer cells are present.