In theory, it is possible for a medical professional to complete one residency, such as Emergency Medicine, and then pursue a second residency, like General Surgery. However, this path is relatively uncommon due to the length and intensity of residency training. Medical residencies are already demanding, and completing more than one can be incredibly challenging and time-consuming.
Residencies typically take several years to complete, and the total time required for two residencies would be substantial. For instance, Emergency Medicine and General Surgery residencies are typically three to five years each. Therefore, someone attempting to complete both would likely spend around 6 to 10 years in residency training alone.
Regarding fellowships, after completing a residency, medical professionals can pursue additional specialized training through fellowship programs. Fellowships are shorter than residencies and usually focus on a specific area of medicine. However, to be eligible for most fellowships, candidates usually need to have completed their residency training.
In the scenario you mentioned, where someone completed Emergency Medicine and then started General Surgery residency, it would be challenging for them to undertake an Emergency Medicine fellowship, such as Disaster Medicine, during their General Surgery residency. The demanding schedule and time commitment of General Surgery residency would likely make it difficult for them to dedicate sufficient time and attention to a separate fellowship.
That being said, there are always exceptions, and some individuals may choose to pursue a non-traditional career path. In such cases, it's essential to consider factors like the specific requirements of the fellowship program, the willingness of the residency program to accommodate additional training, and the individual's capacity to manage the workload effectively. Flexibility and support from both residency and fellowship programs would be crucial for someone attempting such a path.