Yes, a human can survive with just one kidney. The human body is designed with redundancy and adaptability, which allows individuals to live a healthy life with a single functioning kidney. Having one kidney is a condition known as "solitary kidney" or "unilateral renal agenesis."
People can be born with only one kidney, a condition known as congenital solitary kidney, or they may lose a kidney due to injury, disease, or surgical removal for medical reasons like kidney donation.
The remaining kidney usually compensates for the loss of the other one and adjusts its function to maintain normal kidney function and overall health. It's worth noting that the lone kidney may experience some increased workload, but in most cases, it can manage without any problems.
People living with one kidney can lead a normal life and have a life expectancy similar to those with two kidneys, provided they take care of their health, follow a balanced diet, stay hydrated, and avoid factors that could potentially harm their kidneys, such as excessive alcohol consumption and certain medications.
However, it's essential to note that individuals with a single kidney should be cautious and get regular check-ups to monitor their kidney function and overall health to detect any potential issues early on. Additionally, they should consult with healthcare professionals before taking any medications or undergoing medical procedures that could impact kidney function.