Bupropion, commonly known by the brand name Wellbutrin among others, is an atypical antidepressant that primarily functions as a norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It is used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and as an aid in smoking cessation.
The exact mechanism of action of bupropion is not fully understood, but it is believed to work by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. By doing so, it increases the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, which can help regulate mood and improve symptoms of depression.
Bupropion is considered different from other common antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), as it does not primarily target serotonin levels in the brain. This makes it a potential option for individuals who have not responded well to SSRIs or experience unwanted side effects with these medications.
Regarding its long-term use, bupropion is generally considered safe and effective for extended periods when prescribed and monitored by a healthcare professional. Some individuals may need to take bupropion for an extended time to manage chronic depression or to prevent recurrent depressive episodes.
However, like all medications, bupropion may have side effects and potential risks. Common side effects of bupropion include insomnia, dry mouth, headaches, and mild agitation. In some cases, it may lead to increased anxiety or restlessness.
For some individuals, bupropion may lower the seizure threshold, particularly at higher doses. Therefore, it is essential to use caution when prescribing bupropion to individuals with a history of seizures or conditions that increase the risk of seizures, such as eating disorders or alcohol withdrawal.
Another potential concern with bupropion is its potential to cause changes in blood pressure, especially at higher doses. It is advisable to monitor blood pressure regularly, especially in individuals with a history of hypertension or cardiovascular conditions.
As with any medication, the decision to use bupropion for an extended time should be made in consultation with a healthcare professional. They will consider the individual's specific medical history, treatment response, and the risk-benefit profile of the medication to ensure the most appropriate and safe treatment plan for each individual.
Abruptly stopping bupropion after extended use may lead to withdrawal symptoms. Therefore, if the decision is made to discontinue the medication, it should be done gradually under medical supervision.
It is crucial to communicate openly with your healthcare provider about any concerns or side effects you may experience while taking bupropion to ensure the best possible outcomes and address any potential issues promptly.