The onset of a bipolar episode can vary from person to person and depends on the type of bipolar disorder they have. There are two main types of bipolar disorder:
Bipolar I Disorder: In this type, individuals experience manic episodes that can last for at least seven days or are so severe that they require immediate hospitalization. Depressive episodes may also occur, lasting for at least two weeks.
Bipolar II Disorder: This type involves milder manic episodes known as hypomanic episodes, which last for at least four days. Depressive episodes are similar to those in Bipolar I Disorder, lasting for at least two weeks.
Here's how each type of episode can start:
- Manic Episode (Bipolar I Disorder):
- A manic episode can develop suddenly or gradually over a few days or weeks.
- It typically starts with feelings of increased energy, euphoria, or irritability.
- The person may experience racing thoughts and have difficulty concentrating.
- They might engage in impulsive behaviors such as excessive spending, risky sexual encounters, or taking on new projects without considering the consequences.
- During the episode, the person may need less sleep than usual, feel invincible, and have an inflated sense of self-esteem.
- Hypomanic Episode (Bipolar II Disorder):
- A hypomanic episode has similar characteristics to a manic episode but is less severe.
- The individual may feel more energetic, confident, and productive than usual.
- They might be more talkative, have racing thoughts, and engage in goal-directed activities.
- Unlike full manic episodes, hypomanic episodes do not typically lead to severe impairment in social or occupational functioning.
- Depressive Episode (Both Bipolar I and II Disorder):
- A depressive episode in bipolar disorder is similar to major depressive disorder.
- It often starts with feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness.
- The person may experience changes in sleep patterns, appetite, and energy levels.
- They might lose interest in activities they once enjoyed and have difficulty concentrating or making decisions.
- Suicidal thoughts or self-harming behaviors can also be present during a depressive episode.
It is crucial for individuals with bipolar disorder to be aware of the early warning signs and symptoms of an approaching episode, as prompt intervention can help manage and prevent the episode from becoming more severe. Working closely with mental health professionals and having a personalized management plan can greatly assist in coping with the challenges of bipolar disorder. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of bipolar disorder, it's essential to seek professional help for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.