Self-harm can occur in both depressive and manic episodes of bipolar disorder, but the reasons behind self-harming behaviors may differ depending on the phase of the disorder.
Self-harm during depressive episodes: During depressive episodes of bipolar disorder, individuals may experience intense sadness, hopelessness, and a sense of emptiness. They may struggle with overwhelming negative emotions and thoughts, which can lead to self-harming behaviors as a maladaptive coping mechanism. Self-harm might serve as a way to temporarily relieve emotional pain, regain a sense of control, or express feelings that are difficult to put into words.
Self-harm during manic episodes: Manic episodes are characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, impulsivity, and risky behavior. While self-harm might be less common during manic episodes, some individuals might engage in reckless or dangerous activities that unintentionally lead to harm. For example, they might engage in excessive substance use, reckless driving, or high-risk sexual behavior without adequately considering the consequences.
It's crucial to understand that self-harm is a complex issue, and not everyone with bipolar disorder engages in self-harming behaviors. Additionally, self-harm is not exclusive to bipolar disorder and can occur in various mental health conditions or as a response to emotional distress.
If you or someone you know is struggling with self-harm or any other mental health concern, it is essential to seek help from a qualified mental health professional. They can provide appropriate assessment, support, and treatment to address the underlying issues and help develop healthier coping strategies.