While manic episodes are a hallmark feature of bipolar disorder, it is possible for some individuals to experience isolated manic episodes without a history of recurrent episodes. However, the occurrence of isolated manic episodes is relatively rare compared to other mood disorders.
In bipolar disorder, there are two main subtypes: bipolar I and bipolar II. Both involve the presence of manic and depressive episodes, but they differ in their severity and pattern:
Bipolar I Disorder: This is characterized by at least one manic episode, which can be followed by hypomanic or depressive episodes. Manic episodes in bipolar I can be severe and may require hospitalization or cause significant impairment in daily functioning.
Bipolar II Disorder: This is characterized by at least one hypomanic episode (a less severe form of mania) and at least one major depressive episode. People with bipolar II do not experience full-blown manic episodes.
In some cases, individuals may experience a single, isolated manic episode without any previous or subsequent mood episodes. This situation can be referred to as a "single manic episode" or "manic episode not otherwise specified" (NOS). These cases can be challenging to diagnose because a single episode does not fit the classic definition of bipolar disorder. Clinicians may closely monitor such individuals over time to see if they develop additional mood episodes that would fit the criteria for bipolar I or II disorder.
It's essential to note that other conditions, such as substance-induced mania or medical conditions, can also lead to manic-like symptoms. Proper evaluation and assessment by a qualified mental health professional are crucial to accurately diagnose and treat individuals experiencing manic symptoms. Additionally, research and understanding of mental health disorders are continuously evolving, so the classifications and definitions might change over time.