Manic depression is another term for bipolar disorder, a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include episodes of mania and depression. Bipolar disorder is not solely dependent on experiencing a "high" (mania) to be diagnosed. There are different types of bipolar disorder, each with its specific patterns of mood episodes.
The two main types of bipolar disorder are:
Bipolar I Disorder: To be diagnosed with Bipolar I Disorder, an individual must have experienced at least one manic episode, which is a distinct period of abnormally elevated or irritable mood. Depressive episodes may also occur, but they are not required for a diagnosis of Bipolar I.
Bipolar II Disorder: For a diagnosis of Bipolar II Disorder, an individual must have experienced at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, which is a milder form of mania. Hypomanic episodes are characterized by similar symptoms as manic episodes but are less severe and do not cause significant impairment in functioning.
In both types, the depressive episodes are typically characterized by feelings of sadness, hopelessness, lack of energy, and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities.
Additionally, there is a condition called Cyclothymic Disorder, which is a milder form of bipolar disorder. In Cyclothymic Disorder, an individual experiences numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms as well as periods of depressive symptoms, but they do not meet the criteria for full-blown manic or major depressive episodes.
It's important to note that bipolar disorder is a complex condition, and its diagnosis requires a thorough evaluation by a qualified mental health professional. They will consider the frequency, duration, and intensity of mood episodes, as well as the impact on daily functioning, before making a diagnosis and developing an appropriate treatment plan. If you or someone you know is experiencing mood swings or other emotional challenges, seeking professional help is essential for accurate assessment and effective management.