In adults, bipolar disorder typically involves alternating periods of mania and depression. These episodes can vary in intensity and duration. Here are the signs and symptoms of mania and depression in adults:
Signs and Symptoms of Mania:
Elevated Mood: Individuals may feel euphoric or overly happy for an extended period, sometimes without an apparent reason.
Increased Energy: Manic individuals may have an abundance of energy, feeling restless and constantly on the go.
Decreased Need for Sleep: They may sleep significantly less than usual yet feel refreshed and not tired.
Rapid Speech: Manic people may talk quickly, impulsively, and jump from one topic to another, making it challenging for others to keep up.
Racing Thoughts: Their mind may be overwhelmed with a flood of ideas and thoughts, making it challenging to concentrate.
Grandiosity: They might have an inflated sense of self-importance, believing they possess special abilities, or have a special mission.
Risky Behavior: Mania can lead to impulsive decisions, engaging in high-risk activities like excessive spending, reckless driving, or substance abuse.
Distractibility: Individuals may find it difficult to focus on one task as their mind jumps from one thing to another.
Signs and Symptoms of Depression:
Persistent Sadness: Feelings of profound sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness that persist for an extended period.
Fatigue and Loss of Energy: Individuals may feel chronically tired, even after resting.
Sleep Disturbances: Changes in sleep patterns, such as insomnia or sleeping excessively.
Loss of Interest: A decreased interest in activities or hobbies once enjoyed.
Changes in Appetite: Significant weight loss or gain due to changes in appetite.
Difficulty Concentrating: Trouble focusing, making decisions, or remembering things.
Feelings of Worthlessness or Guilt: Persistent feelings of inadequacy or guilt, even when undeserved.
Suicidal Thoughts: In severe cases, depression can lead to thoughts of self-harm or suicide.
It's important to note that not all individuals with bipolar disorder will experience both mania and depression. Some may experience manic episodes without experiencing depressive episodes (a condition called Bipolar I), while others may have hypomanic episodes (less severe mania) and depressive episodes (a condition called Bipolar II).
If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of mania or depression, it's essential to seek help from a mental health professional. Proper diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with bipolar disorder.