According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), a diagnosis of bipolar disorder requires the presence of at least one episode of mania or hypomania and at least one episode of major depression. The presence of both manic/hypomanic and depressive symptoms is crucial for the diagnosis of bipolar I or bipolar II disorder.
Bipolar I Disorder:
- To be diagnosed with bipolar I disorder, an individual must have experienced at least one manic episode. A manic episode is characterized by a distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that lasts for at least one week (or requires hospitalization) and is accompanied by other symptoms such as increased energy, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, impulsivity, and possible psychotic features. A depressive episode may or may not occur before or after the manic episode.
Bipolar II Disorder:
- Bipolar II disorder is diagnosed when an individual has experienced at least one hypomanic episode (a less severe form of mania) and at least one major depressive episode. A hypomanic episode has similar symptoms to a manic episode but is less severe and typically lasts for at least four days.
If someone experiences only one episode of mania or hypomania without any depressive symptoms, they would not meet the criteria for bipolar disorder based on the DSM-5. However, it is crucial to note that mental health conditions can be complex, and the diagnosis can sometimes evolve over time based on a person's symptoms and experiences. If someone is concerned about their mood changes or mental health, it is essential for them to seek professional evaluation and guidance from a qualified healthcare professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, to determine the most appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan.