Drug abuse and drug dependence are two related but distinct concepts used to describe different patterns of problematic drug use. While they are often connected, they represent different stages of involvement with drugs. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) provides definitions for these terms:
- Drug Abuse: Drug abuse refers to the use of a drug in a manner that leads to negative consequences and poses a risk to the individual's physical and mental health. It involves the recurrent use of substances despite experiencing problems related to their use. Drug abuse may manifest in various ways, such as using drugs in hazardous situations, neglecting responsibilities, legal issues, and continued use despite social or interpersonal problems.
In simpler terms, drug abuse is a pattern of drug use that is harmful and problematic but may not necessarily include the physiological dependence on the drug.
- Drug Dependence (Substance Dependence): Drug dependence, also known as substance dependence, is a more advanced stage of drug involvement. It is characterized by physical and psychological reliance on a drug. When someone is dependent on a drug, they may experience withdrawal symptoms when they reduce or stop using it. Dependence also involves an increased tolerance, where the individual needs higher doses of the substance to achieve the desired effects.
Dependence typically involves compulsive drug-seeking behavior and a loss of control over drug use. The person may continue using the substance despite knowing the negative consequences and having a strong desire to quit.
In summary:
- Drug abuse refers to the harmful and problematic use of a drug, which can lead to various negative consequences.
- Drug dependence involves both physical and psychological reliance on a drug, characterized by withdrawal symptoms and increased tolerance.
It's important to note that the DSM-5 combines drug abuse and drug dependence into a single category called "Substance Use Disorder," which ranges from mild to severe based on the number of diagnostic criteria met. This approach reflects a more comprehensive understanding of substance-related issues and emphasizes the continuum of problematic drug use.