Autism is indeed believed to have a strong genetic component, meaning that certain genes or genetic factors can play a significant role in its development. However, the expression of these genetic factors and the onset of autism symptoms can be influenced by a complex interplay of various environmental and developmental factors.
Here are a few reasons why autism symptoms might not be apparent in a baby from birth:
Developmental Progression: Babies go through various developmental stages, and their communication and social skills evolve gradually. It's not until around 6 to 12 months of age that babies begin to show more obvious social behaviors, such as making eye contact, responding to their name, and engaging in basic forms of communication. These early signs may be more challenging to recognize in some children with autism.
Variability in Symptoms: Autism is a spectrum disorder, meaning that it presents differently in each individual. Some children with autism may show subtle signs from an early age, while others might not display more pronounced symptoms until they reach a certain developmental stage. The timing and intensity of symptoms can vary widely between individuals.
Regression: In some cases, parents describe a sudden change in their child's behavior, where the child seemed to lose certain skills or social interactions they had previously developed. This phenomenon is known as "regression." It's not fully understood why this occurs, but it's believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may contribute to it.
Masking of Symptoms: Some children with autism may develop strategies to cope with social situations, especially in familiar environments, which can mask their symptoms. For instance, they might copy certain behaviors, even if they don't fully understand them. This "masking" can make it harder to spot autism early on.
Delayed Diagnosis: Due to the wide variability in autism symptoms and the complexity of the disorder, some children may not receive a formal diagnosis until later in childhood, sometimes even during the school years. Early signs may be overlooked or mistaken for other developmental challenges or behaviors.
In recent years, efforts have been made to improve early detection and diagnosis of autism, as research suggests that early intervention can lead to better outcomes for individuals with autism. Regular developmental screenings and close monitoring of a child's milestones can help identify potential concerns at an earlier age. If parents or caregivers notice any developmental delays or unusual behaviors, it's essential to discuss these observations with a pediatrician or healthcare professional to determine the appropriate steps for evaluation and support.