The approach to dealing with drug addiction has evolved significantly over the years. The perspective that drug addicts need punishment often arises from viewing addiction as a moral failing or a deliberate choice. However, the consensus in the scientific and medical communities is that drug addiction is a complex condition, a brain disorder that's characterized by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences.
Punishing someone for having an addiction may be counterproductive, as it often does not address the underlying causes of addiction, which can include genetic predisposition, environmental factors, mental health disorders, and trauma. Punishment also tends to deter individuals from seeking the help they need for fear of legal repercussions.
An alternative perspective is to treat drug addiction primarily as a public health issue, rather than a criminal justice one. This approach emphasizes prevention, treatment, harm reduction, and recovery support.
Evidence-based treatments for addiction, such as medication-assisted treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy, and contingency management interventions, have been shown to be effective. Many proponents of this approach argue for policies that reduce the criminalization of drug users and increase access to treatment.
That said, this does not mean that there should be no legal or societal consequences for activities related to drug addiction. For example, driving under the influence, theft, or violent behavior can have serious and harmful impacts on others, and society has a responsibility to address these issues. However, these actions can be addressed within a framework that understands and responds to addiction as a health issue.
So, the question of whether drug addicts "need" punishment is complex and depends greatly on one's perspective on addiction. The growing consensus is that a compassionate, public health-oriented approach is more effective and ethical.