The diagnosis of unipolar depression, also known as major depressive disorder (MDD), typically involves the exclusion of mania or hypomania. Unipolar depression is characterized by periods of persistent low mood, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, and a range of other symptoms that significantly impact daily functioning.
To differentiate unipolar depression from bipolar disorders, which involve periods of mania or hypomania alternating with depressive episodes, it is essential for a psychiatrist or mental health professional to carefully assess the patient's symptoms and history. Mania and hypomania are distinct phases characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, impulsivity, and other symptoms, which are not present in unipolar depression.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association, provides criteria for diagnosing mental health conditions. According to the DSM-5 (as of my understanding), to diagnose unipolar depression, a person must meet specific criteria for a major depressive episode and must not have a history of mania or hypomania.
However, it's important to note that psychiatric diagnosis can be complex, and it's essential for a professional to conduct a thorough evaluation to arrive at the correct diagnosis. Sometimes, individuals with bipolar disorder may initially present with depressive symptoms, and their diagnosis might be clarified over time as additional symptoms emerge.
If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of depression or other mental health concerns, it is crucial to seek help from a qualified mental health professional for a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate treatment. Mental health conditions can be effectively managed with proper diagnosis and treatment.