In bipolar II disorder, individuals experience both depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes. The key difference between a hypomanic episode and a manic episode lies in the intensity and severity of symptoms.
Hypomanic Episode:
- Duration: A hypomanic episode is characterized by a distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased energy lasting for at least four consecutive days.
- Functioning: During a hypomanic episode, the individual's functioning is not significantly impaired, and they can generally continue with their daily activities, work, and social interactions. They may even be more productive than usual and appear more sociable.
- Symptoms: The symptoms of hypomania are less severe compared to mania. Common signs include increased talkativeness, racing thoughts, reduced need for sleep, inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, engaging in risky behaviors (e.g., excessive spending, reckless driving), and a heightened sense of pleasure or excitement.
- Psychosis: Unlike manic episodes, hypomanic episodes do not involve psychosis, meaning the individual does not experience delusions or hallucinations.
Manic Episode:
- Duration: A manic episode lasts for at least seven days or requires hospitalization due to the severity of symptoms.
- Functioning: During a manic episode, the individual's functioning is significantly impaired, and they may have trouble maintaining relationships, keeping a job, or handling daily responsibilities.
- Symptoms: Manic episodes involve more extreme and intense symptoms than hypomanic episodes. In addition to the symptoms listed for hypomania, individuals experiencing a manic episode may also exhibit psychotic features, such as delusions (firmly held false beliefs) and hallucinations (perceiving things that are not present).
- Psychosis: Psychosis is a defining feature of a manic episode, but it is not present in hypomanic episodes.
Duration of Hypomanic Episodes: Hypomanic episodes typically last for a minimum of four days, but they can persist for more extended periods. It is essential to remember that the duration and intensity of episodes can vary from person to person. Some individuals may experience shorter or longer episodes, and the frequency of episodes can differ as well.
It's crucial for individuals with bipolar II disorder to be aware of these episodes and seek professional help if they suspect they may be experiencing hypomania or depression, as proper management and treatment are essential for the well-being of those affected by this condition. If you or someone you know is struggling with bipolar disorder or any mental health issue, seeking support from a mental health professional is highly recommended.