There are plenty of non-sweets and non-money rewards that can be used to reinforce good behavior, whether with horses or other animals, children, or even for self-motivation. Here are some ideas:
Verbal praise: A simple "Good job!" or words of encouragement can go a long way in reinforcing positive behavior.
Affection: Hugs, pats on the back, or other displays of affection can be rewarding for many individuals.
Playtime: Allowing the horse (or person) to engage in a favorite activity or play can be a great reward.
Extra attention: Spending quality time with the horse or person can be rewarding, such as grooming, taking them for a walk, or engaging in a fun activity together.
Positive touch: Gentle scratching or massaging in a favorite spot can be a form of reward.
Privileges: Offering privileges like allowing the horse to be turned out in the pasture, granting extra free time, or allowing a person to choose a preferred activity can be motivating.
Toys or enrichment: For horses, providing toys or other forms of enrichment in their environment can be rewarding.
Praise in front of others: Publicly acknowledging good behavior or accomplishments can be rewarding for some individuals.
Stickers or tokens: For children or individuals who enjoy collecting, earning stickers or tokens that can be traded for small prizes can be motivating.
Recognition and certificates: Certificates of achievement or recognition of good behavior can be rewarding for both horses and humans.
Positive reinforcement training techniques: Using clicker training or other positive reinforcement methods can be effective without resorting to treats.
Remember, the most effective rewards can vary depending on the individual's preferences and what they find reinforcing. It's essential to understand the needs and desires of the horse or person you are working with to find the most suitable and motivating rewards for them.