If not a single person voted in an election, it would lead to a situation called a "voterless election" or "zero voter turnout." In this scenario, no votes would be cast for any candidate or proposition, and the election results would be affected accordingly. The outcome would depend on the specific electoral system and the rules in place for that particular election.
The consequences of a voterless election would vary depending on the type of election:
For General Elections: In democratic countries where leaders are elected through popular vote, a voterless election would mean that no candidate receives any votes. In such a case, there might be provisions in the constitution or electoral laws to handle such an eventuality. The most likely result would be a constitutional crisis, and the country's institutions might need to find a solution to fill the vacant offices or determine the next steps to establish a legitimate government.
For Local Elections: In local elections, such as those for city councils or regional offices, the absence of voters could lead to specific consequences based on local laws and regulations. It could potentially result in existing officeholders retaining their positions if no candidates are opposed.
For Referendums or Ballot Measures: In cases where voters are asked to vote on specific issues or propositions, a voterless election would mean that no decision is made on the matter. The issue might remain unresolved, and alternative methods might be required to address it in the future.
Impact on Legitimacy: A voterless election could also raise questions about the legitimacy and representation of the government or elected officials. It might be seen as a reflection of public disillusionment, apathy, or lack of faith in the democratic process.
In reality, the chances of a voterless election occurring are extremely rare, as various factors drive people to participate in the electoral process, such as civic duty, political engagement, and the desire to influence the outcome. Governments and electoral authorities often take significant measures to encourage voter participation and ensure fair and accessible elections.