The question of Jewish identity is complex and can have different interpretations depending on the context and the particular Jewish community involved. Jewish identity can be based on both religious and ethnic factors. Here are a few points to consider:
Religious Identity: From a religious perspective, Judaism is generally passed down through matrilineal descent. This means that according to traditional Jewish law, a person is considered Jewish if their mother is Jewish. In this case, since your maternal grandfather had Polish Jewish ancestors, it would be likely that your mother would be considered Jewish, and therefore, you would also be considered Jewish according to religious law.
Ethnic Identity: Jewish identity can also be considered from an ethnic or cultural perspective. Ashkenazi Jews, in particular, have a distinct historical and cultural background. If you have Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry through your father's side, this can be an aspect of your ethnic identity. However, the percentage of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry is relatively small in this case (2%), which might have varying significance to different individuals and communities.
Self-Identification: How you choose to identify is also essential. Some individuals with Jewish ancestry who have not been raised in the Jewish faith or culture might not identify strongly as Jewish, while others might embrace their Jewish heritage and identify as Jewish even if they don't actively practice Judaism.
Recognition by Jewish Communities: Recognition of Jewish identity can vary between different Jewish communities and denominations. Some might fully accept individuals with Jewish ancestry from either the maternal or paternal line, while others might have stricter criteria.
Ultimately, it's essential to understand that identity is a personal and individual matter. If you are interested in exploring your Jewish heritage further or connecting with Jewish communities, you might consider reaching out to local Jewish organizations or engaging in discussions with people who have similar backgrounds. They can provide you with valuable insights and support as you navigate questions about your identity.