When humans feel very afraid or experience intense stress or anxiety, the body activates the "fight or flight" response, which is the body's natural way of preparing to deal with a perceived threat. This response involves the release of stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, which trigger various physiological changes to help the body respond to the threat effectively.
One of the ways the body prepares for the "fight or flight" response is by diverting blood flow away from non-essential functions like digestion and toward more critical areas like the muscles and brain. This redirection of blood flow can slow down or temporarily halt the digestive process, leading to stomach upset and discomfort. The body's priority in such situations is to deal with the perceived threat quickly rather than focusing on digesting food.
Additionally, the release of stress hormones can also cause the gastrointestinal system to become more sensitive and reactive. This increased sensitivity can lead to sensations of butterflies in the stomach, nausea, or even the feeling of needing to release gas.
As for the release of gas, when the body enters a state of high stress or anxiety, the nervous system can trigger certain muscles to relax. One of these muscles is the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a valve-like muscle that separates the stomach from the esophagus. When the LES relaxes, it can allow stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus, causing heartburn or the sensation of gas or bloating.
Moreover, during stressful situations, people may unintentionally swallow more air, which can also lead to the buildup of gas in the digestive system.
It's important to note that the specific physical responses to fear or stress can vary from person to person, and not everyone will experience stomach upset or gas in these situations. However, these physiological reactions are common responses to the body's stress response, and they are part of the body's natural mechanisms to cope with threatening situations.