Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) and Other Specified Dissociative Disorder (OSDD) are believed to be primarily caused by severe and repeated trauma, especially when experienced during childhood. This trauma is often of an interpersonal nature and can include physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, neglect, or other forms of adverse experiences. The trauma is usually chronic and begins early in life, disrupting the normal development of a child's sense of self and identity.
The trauma experienced by individuals with DID/OSDD is often so overwhelming and unbearable that the mind resorts to dissociation as a coping mechanism. Dissociation is a defense mechanism that helps the individual detach from reality to protect themselves from the distressing experiences. This coping strategy can lead to the creation of distinct identities or personality states, which are sometimes referred to as "alters."
The severity of DID/OSDD varies from person to person. For some individuals, the disorder can be highly debilitating, significantly impacting their daily functioning and quality of life. The presence of distinct alters can lead to memory gaps, confusion, and even amnesia between these different states. It can be distressing for the individual to experience "lost time" or be unaware of actions taken by different alters.
It's important to note that DID/OSDD are relatively rare conditions, and not everyone who experiences trauma will develop these disorders. The way trauma affects individuals can differ significantly, and many people who experience trauma may develop other mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD).
Treatment for DID/OSDD typically involves long-term therapy with a mental health professional experienced in working with dissociative disorders. Therapy aims to integrate the different identity states, help the individual process and heal from past trauma, and develop healthy coping mechanisms to manage dissociation and other symptoms. The prognosis can vary depending on individual factors, the severity of trauma, and the individual's engagement in treatment. With proper support and therapeutic interventions, some individuals can learn to manage their symptoms and improve their overall well-being.