In dissociative identity disorder (DID), formerly known as multiple personality disorder, a person develops two or more distinct identities or personality states within themselves. These different identities, often referred to as "alters" or "parts," can have their own unique characteristics, memories, beliefs, and behaviors. When a person has more than one system in their DID, it means they have multiple groups of alters that operate relatively independently from one another.
Each system consists of a set of alters that are more closely interconnected with each other compared to other alters outside that system. These systems can function as separate "clusters" or "groups" within the individual's overall personality structure. Members of a particular system may have specific roles or functions, and they might have varying levels of awareness of each other.
For example, within a person with DID, there may be System A and System B. Alters in System A may interact with each other more frequently, share memories or information, and work together to fulfill certain roles or cope with specific situations. Similarly, alters in System B may form their own network and operate independently from System A.
The interactions between systems can vary significantly among individuals with DID. In some cases, systems may be aware of each other's existence and communicate with one another, while in other cases, they might not be consciously aware of the other systems. The level of communication and cooperation between systems can have implications for how the person with DID experiences their daily life and manages their condition.
It is crucial to note that DID is a complex and often controversial disorder, and not all mental health professionals agree on the diagnostic criteria and etiology. Some experts argue that DID may be a coping mechanism developed in response to severe trauma, while others raise concerns about the potential for iatrogenic (therapist-induced) creation of alters through therapy.
Treatment for DID typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, specifically trauma-focused therapy, and may include techniques to help integrate the different identity states into a cohesive whole. The goal of therapy is to increase communication and cooperation between alters and to promote better overall functioning and well-being for the individual.