Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously known as multiple personality disorder, is a complex and controversial condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states that control an individual's behavior, thoughts, and emotions. These distinct identities are often referred to as "alters" or "alternate identities."
In DID, the identities may have their own unique characteristics, memories, and experiences. When one alter is in control, the others may not be aware of what is happening, leading to memory gaps or dissociative amnesia. As a result, a person with DID may not remember what another alter did while that alter was in control.
However, it's essential to understand that DID is a coping mechanism that develops as a response to severe trauma, typically occurring during childhood. The formation of alters is a way for the individual's mind to compartmentalize and manage overwhelming experiences. Each alter may have specific roles or functions to help the person cope with different aspects of their life or trauma.
Regarding control, people with DID may experience varying degrees of awareness and control over their alters. Some individuals have a more co-conscious experience, where they are aware of their alters' presence, thoughts, and actions. In such cases, they might share control or be able to communicate internally with their alters.
On the other hand, some individuals with DID experience amnesic barriers between their alters, meaning they have limited or no awareness of what happens when another alter is in control. In these cases, the switches between alters can be more abrupt and distressing, leading to gaps in memory.
The level of control a person has over their alters can vary and may change over time as the person gains insight into their condition and undergoes therapy. Therapy for DID typically aims to foster cooperation and communication between alters, improve awareness of switches, and work towards integration, where the separate identities merge into a more cohesive sense of self.
It's essential to approach discussions about DID with sensitivity and respect, as this condition involves significant distress and trauma for those who experience it. If you know someone who may be struggling with dissociation or related issues, it's crucial to encourage them to seek professional help from a mental health provider experienced in treating dissociative disorders.