Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD), now known as Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), can be understood using the concepts of id, ego, and superego proposed by Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis. These concepts represent different aspects of the human psyche:
Id: The id is the primal, instinctual part of the psyche that operates on the pleasure principle. It seeks immediate gratification of basic needs and desires, without concern for consequences or morality.
Ego: The ego is the rational part of the psyche that operates on the reality principle. It mediates between the demands of the id and the constraints of the external world, trying to find a realistic and socially acceptable way to satisfy the id's desires.
Superego: The superego represents the internalized moral standards and values of society. It acts as the conscience, imposing moral guidelines and ideals on the ego, sometimes leading to feelings of guilt or shame.
In the context of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), a person experiences the existence of two or more distinct and separate identities or personality states, which are sometimes referred to as "alters" or "alternate personalities." Each alter has its own set of characteristics, memories, behaviors, and emotions. These alters can take control of the individual's behavior and consciousness at different times.
Now, let's relate the concepts of id, ego, and superego to DID:
Id in DID: The id represents the basic instincts and desires, which may be expressed differently in each alter. Different alters may have unique sets of needs and impulses, leading to various behaviors and responses.
Ego in DID: The ego's role in DID can be quite complex. In the case of DID, the ego might be weaker or less integrated due to severe childhood trauma or adverse experiences, making it challenging to mediate between different alters effectively.
Superego in DID: The superego, being based on societal norms, can also be fragmented among the different alters. Each alter might have its own set of internalized moral standards, leading to differing ethical considerations and judgments.
When someone with DID is occupied with two or more personalities, it means that different alters are taking control of the person's consciousness at different times or in response to specific triggers. During these switches between personalities, there might be memory gaps or amnesia, as each alter may not have access to the memories and experiences of the others. Additionally, the alters may have distinct behaviors, voices, gestures, and even physiological responses.
It's important to note that DID is a complex and controversial condition. While some experts believe that it can result from severe trauma during childhood, others argue that it may be influenced by suggestibility and iatrogenic factors (resulting from therapy). The understanding and diagnosis of DID require careful evaluation and assessment by mental health professionals experienced in dealing with dissociative disorders.