Dissociation and the freeze response are related but distinct psychological and physiological reactions that individuals may experience, particularly during stressful or traumatic situations. In a therapy session, these responses may manifest differently, but they can both be important to recognize and address for the well-being of the client.
- Dissociation: Dissociation is a psychological defense mechanism that involves a disconnection or detachment from one's thoughts, feelings, memories, or sense of identity. It is a way for the mind to cope with overwhelming or traumatic experiences by creating a mental distance from the distressing event or situation. Dissociation can vary in intensity and may range from mild detachment to severe dissociative states seen in disorders like Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID).
In a therapy session, dissociation might be observed as:
- The person appearing disconnected or "spacing out."
- Difficulty recalling significant events or details.
- Feeling numb or detached emotionally.
- Displaying a lack of responsiveness to the therapist's questions or interventions.
- Experiencing gaps in memory or periods of amnesia.
- Switching between different states of consciousness or identities (in the case of DID).
- Freeze Response: The freeze response is a survival instinct seen in various animals, including humans, when faced with a threatening or dangerous situation. It is part of the "fight-flight-freeze" response to stress. In situations where fighting or fleeing is not possible or not effective, the body may enter a freeze response as a way to minimize harm or danger. This response can lead to a temporary state of immobility and reduced responsiveness.
In a therapy session, the freeze response might be observed as:
- The person becoming immobile or physically still.
- Reduced body language and facial expressions.
- Limited verbal communication or difficulty finding words.
- An overall sense of shutting down or withdrawing.
It's important to understand that both dissociation and the freeze response can be coping mechanisms to deal with distressing experiences, and they serve a protective function in the moment. However, when these responses become chronic or interfere with everyday functioning, they can be problematic and may require therapeutic intervention.
In therapy, it's crucial for the therapist to be attuned to signs of dissociation or freeze responses and to create a safe and supportive environment for the client. Techniques such as grounding exercises, mindfulness practices, and trauma-focused therapies can help individuals process and work through these responses to promote healing and growth. A skilled therapist can tailor their approach to best address the specific needs of the client and help them build healthier coping strategies.