Question

How many ions are formed during the dissociation of 500 molecules of carbonic acid if it dissociates in the first degree by 20%, and in the second degree by 1%?

Answer 1

To determine the number of ions formed during the dissociation of 500 molecules of carbonic acid, we first need to understand how carbonic acid (H2CO3) dissociates in the first and second degree.

1. First Degree Dissociation: In the first degree, carbonic acid (H2CO3) dissociates into bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and a hydrogen ion (H+). H2CO3 -> HCO3- + H+

2. Second Degree Dissociation: In the second degree, bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) further dissociate into carbonate ions (CO3--) and a hydrogen ion (H+). HCO3- -> CO3-- + H+

Now, let's calculate the number of ions formed at each stage of dissociation:

First Degree Dissociation: If 20% of the 500 carbonic acid molecules dissociate in the first degree, the number of carbonic acid molecules that undergo this dissociation is: Number of molecules dissociating in the first degree = 20% of 500 = 0.20 * 500 = 100

Since each carbonic acid molecule dissociates into one bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and one hydrogen ion (H+), the number of ions formed in the first degree is: Number of bicarbonate ions formed = Number of hydrogen ions formed = 100 ions

Second Degree Dissociation: If 1% of the remaining bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) further dissociate in the second degree, the number of bicarbonate ions that undergo this dissociation is: Number of bicarbonate ions dissociating in the second degree = 1% of (remaining) 400 = 0.01 * 400 = 4

Since each bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) dissociates into one carbonate ion (CO3--) and one hydrogen ion (H+), the number of ions formed in the second degree is: Number of carbonate ions formed = Number of hydrogen ions formed = 4 ions

To summarize:

• Number of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) formed during first degree dissociation = 100 ions
• Number of hydrogen ions (H+) formed during first degree dissociation = 100 ions
• Number of carbonate ions (CO3--) formed during second degree dissociation = 4 ions
• Number of hydrogen ions (H+) formed during second degree dissociation = 4 ions

Remember that these calculations assume ideal dissociation conditions and do not account for any additional factors that might influence the dissociation process.