Antidepressants are generally not considered addictive in the way that substances like drugs of abuse (e.g., opioids, benzodiazepines) are. However, they can cause dependence and withdrawal symptoms if not used properly.
When someone takes antidepressant medications for a short time (a few weeks or months) and then stops taking them, they are unlikely to develop a true addiction. Addiction is characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior, loss of control over drug use, and continued use despite harmful consequences. Antidepressants do not produce a "high" or euphoric feeling, which is a typical characteristic of addictive substances.
However, stopping certain antidepressants abruptly or without proper medical guidance can lead to withdrawal symptoms, which can be uncomfortable and distressing. These symptoms can include dizziness, flu-like symptoms, nausea, headache, irritability, and anxiety. They are more common with certain antidepressants known as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors).
To avoid withdrawal symptoms, it's important to follow the prescribed dosing schedule and, if you decide to discontinue the medication, to do so under the guidance of a healthcare professional. They may recommend a gradual tapering of the medication to allow your body to adjust gradually.
It's essential to differentiate between dependence and addiction. Dependence refers to the body's adaptation to a drug, leading to withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation. Addiction, on the other hand, is a complex behavioral disorder involving psychological dependence and compulsive drug-seeking behavior. Antidepressants may cause dependence, but they are not considered drugs of abuse, and people typically don't misuse them for recreational purposes. When used properly under medical supervision, they can be effective in treating depression and related conditions.