In the past, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was classified into two subtypes: ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation (previously known as ADD or Attention Deficit Disorder) and ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation. However, with the release of the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition), the subtypes were eliminated, and the disorder is now considered a single entity with three presentations:
Predominantly Inattentive Presentation: This presentation is similar to what was previously known as ADD. Individuals with this presentation have significant difficulties sustaining attention, staying organized, and following through on tasks. They may often appear forgetful, avoid tasks that require sustained mental effort, and have trouble listening or following instructions.
Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation: This presentation involves prominent hyperactive and impulsive behaviors. Individuals may fidget or squirm, have difficulty sitting still, talk excessively, interrupt others, and have trouble waiting for their turn. They might engage in impulsive actions without considering the consequences.
Combined Presentation: This presentation includes both significant inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. Individuals with the combined presentation experience difficulties with attention, focus, organization, as well as hyperactivity and impulsivity.
So, while the specific terms "ADD" and "ADHD" were used in the past to differentiate between the subtypes, nowadays, they are all considered part of the broader category of ADHD. In essence, someone who previously might have been labeled as having "ADD" likely falls under the "Predominantly Inattentive Presentation" category of ADHD.
The presentation of ADHD can vary significantly from person to person, regardless of whether they have the inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, or combined type. It's essential to recognize that ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder and can affect individuals in multiple aspects of their lives, including academic, occupational, and social functioning. Diagnosis and management are typically based on a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional with experience in ADHD, considering the individual's symptoms and their impact on daily life. Treatment may involve behavioral therapy, medication, or a combination of both, tailored to the individual's specific needs and circumstances.