Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were terms used to describe neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity or restlessness. These disorders have been widely recognized and studied by the medical and psychological communities for several decades.
However, it is important to note that the diagnostic criteria and terminology have evolved over time. In the current diagnostic systems, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10 and ICD-11), the term "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)" is used to encompass both the inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive subtypes.
The DSM-5 recognizes three presentations of ADHD:
ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Presentation: Primarily characterized by symptoms of inattention, such as difficulty sustaining attention, making careless mistakes, forgetting things, and being disorganized.
ADHD Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation: Mainly characterized by symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity, such as fidgeting, interrupting others, difficulty waiting one's turn, and acting without thinking.
ADHD Combined Presentation: This presentation includes both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.
The diagnostic criteria for ADHD require that symptoms must be present in multiple settings (e.g., home, school, work) and cause impairment in daily functioning.
It's important to understand that ADHD is a complex neurodevelopmental condition, and its existence is supported by extensive scientific research and clinical evidence. The diagnosis of ADHD is made based on specific criteria, and professionals use standardized assessment tools and clinical judgment to evaluate individuals for the disorder.
If you suspect that you or someone you know may have ADHD, it is essential to seek evaluation and diagnosis from qualified healthcare professionals, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, or pediatricians, who specialize in diagnosing and treating neurodevelopmental disorders. A proper diagnosis can lead to appropriate support, interventions, and strategies to manage symptoms and improve overall well-being.