Yes, there are criteria used to assess and define mental health, just as there are criteria for diagnosing mental illnesses. Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual can cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively, maintain healthy relationships, and make meaningful contributions to society.
While there is no single universally accepted set of criteria for mental health, several organizations and experts have put forth guidelines and frameworks to describe what constitutes mental well-being. Some of these include:
World Health Organization (WHO): The WHO defines mental health as a state of well-being in which an individual realizes their abilities, can cope with normal life stresses, can work productively, and can contribute to their community. It is not merely the absence of mental disorders but a positive state of emotional, psychological, and social well-being.
Positive Psychology: This field of psychology focuses on the study of human strengths and virtues that contribute to well-being and happiness. Key figures in positive psychology, such as Martin Seligman, have proposed various components of mental health, including positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment, and vitality.
Mental Health Continuum Model: This model emphasizes that mental health exists on a continuum, ranging from flourishing or thriving at one end to languishing or suffering at the other end. It recognizes that individuals can experience different levels of mental well-being and that mental health is not a binary concept.
Resilience and Coping Skills: Mental health is often associated with an individual's ability to cope with stress, adversity, and life challenges effectively. Resilience, or the ability to bounce back from difficulties, is an essential aspect of mental well-being.
Subjective Well-Being: Subjective well-being refers to an individual's self-perceived sense of happiness and life satisfaction. It considers both positive emotions and overall life satisfaction as indicators of mental health.
It's important to note that mental health is a complex and multifaceted concept, and there is ongoing research and discussion in the field of psychology to refine our understanding of it. As with any aspect of human experience, mental health can vary from person to person, and what constitutes mental well-being for one individual might differ from another. Mental health professionals and researchers continue to explore and develop comprehensive models to assess and promote mental health effectively.