Asperger's syndrome was removed as a separate diagnosis from the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) published in 2013. The decision to eliminate Asperger's syndrome was based on several factors:
Diagnostic Confusion: In clinical practice, there was often confusion between the criteria for Asperger's syndrome and autistic disorder (autism). The distinction between the two was not always clear, leading to inconsistent diagnoses and potential overlap.
Changes in Understanding: Over time, research has provided a better understanding of autism spectrum disorders. It became evident that Asperger's syndrome and autism share many common features and are part of a broader spectrum of disorders with varying levels of severity.
Diagnostic Consistency: The goal was to have a more consistent and streamlined system for diagnosing autism spectrum disorders. By eliminating Asperger's syndrome as a separate diagnosis, it aimed to create a more coherent and reliable classification system.
Global Harmonization: The World Health Organization (WHO) was also working on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) system, and there was a need for harmonization between the DSM and ICD. In the ICD-11, published in 2018, Asperger's syndrome was also removed as a separate diagnosis, and the broader term "Autism Spectrum Disorder" was adopted.
Focus on Core Features: By consolidating all autism-related diagnoses under the umbrella of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the focus shifted to the core features shared by individuals with autism, such as difficulties with social communication and repetitive behaviors.
It's important to note that the removal of Asperger's syndrome as a separate diagnosis does not mean that the traits and challenges associated with it have disappeared or are no longer recognized. Individuals who would have previously been diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome may now receive an Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis based on the criteria outlined in the DSM-5 or ICD-11.
The change in the diagnostic classification was aimed at providing a more comprehensive and unified approach to understanding and diagnosing autism spectrum disorders, ensuring that individuals receive appropriate support and interventions based on their specific needs.