A low basal metabolic rate (BMR) means that an individual's body requires fewer calories to maintain basic physiological functions while at rest. These functions include maintaining body temperature, supporting organ function, and carrying out essential cellular processes. BMR represents the minimum amount of energy needed to sustain life and is typically expressed in calories per day.
Several factors can contribute to a low BMR:
Body Composition: People with higher muscle mass tend to have a higher BMR since muscle tissue requires more energy to maintain than fat tissue.
Age: BMR tends to decrease with age because muscle mass tends to decrease and fat mass tends to increase as people get older.
Gender: On average, men tend to have a higher BMR than women due to having more muscle mass.
Hormonal Factors: Hormonal imbalances or conditions like hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid gland) can lead to a decrease in BMR.
Genetics: Some individuals may have a naturally lower BMR due to their genetic makeup.
Caloric Restriction: Prolonged periods of reduced calorie intake can lead to a decrease in BMR as the body tries to conserve energy.
Having a low BMR means that individuals may have a harder time maintaining or gaining weight, and they might need to consume fewer calories to prevent weight gain compared to those with higher BMRs. It's essential to remember that BMR is just one factor that affects weight management, and lifestyle, diet, and activity levels also play crucial roles in overall health and weight maintenance. If someone is concerned about their metabolic rate or weight, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian for personalized advice and guidance.