Yes, people with bulimia nervosa often engage in episodes of binge eating, followed by behaviors to compensate for the excessive food intake, such as self-induced vomiting, using laxatives, or excessive exercise. While individuals with bulimia may engage in restrictive eating at times, it is not the primary characteristic of the disorder. The primary distinction between bulimia and anorexia lies in the different patterns of behavior and overall mindset regarding food and body weight.
Anorexia nervosa is primarily characterized by restrictive eating and an intense fear of gaining weight. Individuals with anorexia may severely limit their food intake, often to the point of starvation, leading to significant weight loss and potential malnutrition. They may also engage in excessive exercise to burn calories and avoid certain foods that they perceive as high in calories or "unhealthy." People with anorexia may experience body dysmorphia, where they have a distorted perception of their body shape and size, perceiving themselves as overweight even when they are underweight.
On the other hand, bulimia nervosa involves a cycle of binge eating, wherein individuals consume large amounts of food within a discrete period and feel a lack of control over the eating during these episodes. After binge eating, they experience guilt, shame, or fear of weight gain, leading to purging behaviors or other compensatory actions to get rid of the calories consumed during the binge.
It is essential to recognize that some individuals may experience a combination of symptoms from both disorders, which is referred to as "binge-purge type" anorexia nervosa. This can make the diagnosis and treatment more complex, as they may display behaviors from both disorders.
Both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are serious mental health conditions that require professional intervention. If you or someone you know is struggling with disordered eating patterns, it is crucial to seek help from a healthcare professional experienced in treating eating disorders. Early intervention and appropriate treatment can significantly improve the chances of recovery and overall well-being.