"echoism" is not recognized as a formal personality disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Instead, echoism is considered a concept or trait associated with certain personality styles.
Echoism is often seen as the opposite or counterpoint to narcissism. While narcissism involves an excessive focus on oneself, a desire for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others, echoism refers to a pattern of behaviors characterized by:
- Overemphasis on the needs and desires of others.
- A tendency to avoid attention and remain in the background.
- Difficulties expressing one's own needs and desires.
- Low self-esteem and self-worth, often tied to seeking validation through meeting others' demands.
The term "echoism" was coined by British psychologist Dr. Donna Betts in the context of understanding individuals who seem to echo or mirror the needs and desires of others without a clear sense of self.
The reason echoism is not classified as a personality disorder is that it does not meet the criteria for a separate, distinct, and pervasive pattern of maladaptive behavior and thinking that characterizes recognized personality disorders like narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) or borderline personality disorder (BPD). Personality disorders are typically enduring patterns of behavior that cause significant distress and impairment in various areas of life.
However, individuals with echoistic traits or tendencies may still experience challenges in their relationships and overall well-being. It can be essential for those struggling with echoism to seek therapy or support to work on developing a stronger sense of self, setting boundaries, and improving self-esteem. Therapy approaches like psychodynamic therapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy can be helpful in addressing these issues.
As the field of psychology and psychiatry continues to evolve, new concepts and traits may be researched and considered for inclusion in future editions of diagnostic manuals. It's essential to stay updated on the latest developments in the field for a comprehensive understanding of psychological conditions.