Bipolar disorder in adults is characterized by significant shifts in mood, energy levels, and activity levels. There are two main phases of the disorder: depressive episodes and manic or hypomanic episodes. It's important to note that not everyone with bipolar disorder will experience both types of episodes. The signs of bipolar disorder in adults can vary, but here are some common symptoms associated with each phase:
Depressive Episodes:
- Persistent Sadness: Feeling sad, empty, or hopeless for an extended period.
- Loss of Interest: Losing interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed.
- Fatigue: Feeling tired and lacking energy, even after rest.
- Changes in Sleep: Experiencing either insomnia or sleeping excessively.
- Appetite Changes: Significant changes in appetite or weight, either increase or decrease.
- Feelings of Guilt or Worthlessness: Feeling excessive guilt or a sense of worthlessness.
- Difficulty Concentrating: Struggling to focus, make decisions, or remember things.
- Physical Aches and Pains: Experiencing unexplained physical symptoms, such as headaches or body aches.
- Thoughts of Death or Suicide: Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempts.
Manic or Hypomanic Episodes:
- Elevated Mood: Feeling unusually happy, euphoric, or irritable.
- Increased Energy: Having a surplus of energy and being more active than usual.
- Decreased Need for Sleep: Feeling rested with significantly reduced sleep.
- Racing Thoughts: Having a flood of ideas and thoughts that race through the mind.
- Grandiosity: Having an inflated sense of self-importance or abilities.
- Increased Talkativeness: Speaking rapidly and excessively, sometimes with pressured speech.
- Risky Behavior: Engaging in high-risk activities without considering the consequences (e.g., reckless spending, promiscuity, substance abuse).
- Impaired Judgment: Making impulsive decisions without considering potential negative outcomes.
- Irritability: Feeling easily agitated or impatient.
- Difficulty Concentrating: Finding it hard to focus on tasks or follow through with plans.
It's essential to recognize that the intensity and duration of these symptoms can vary among individuals. Some people may experience severe and disruptive symptoms, while others may have milder or less noticeable episodes. Additionally, there can be periods of stable mood between episodes.
If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms suggestive of bipolar disorder, it's crucial to seek professional help from a mental health provider. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly improve the management of bipolar disorder and enhance overall well-being.