Yes, someone can be diagnosed with bipolar disorder even if they have only experienced either manic or depressive episodes, but not both. The diagnosis will depend on the specific pattern of mood episodes and the duration of these episodes.
Bipolar disorder is a complex condition with different subtypes, including Bipolar I and Bipolar II, each characterized by specific types of mood episodes:
Bipolar I Disorder: In Bipolar I disorder, a person has experienced at least one manic episode that lasts for at least seven days or is severe enough to require immediate hospital care. Depressive episodes may also occur, but they are not necessary for the diagnosis.
Bipolar II Disorder: Bipolar II disorder involves both depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, which are less severe than full-blown mania but still distinct periods of heightened mood and energy. Hypomanic episodes last for at least four days.
Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia): Cyclothymic disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder in which a person experiences numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms, but these do not meet the criteria for a full depressive or hypomanic episode.
So, even if someone has only experienced manic episodes or depressive episodes, they may still receive a diagnosis of Bipolar I or Bipolar II disorder based on the presence and duration of the episodes.
It's important to note that diagnosing bipolar disorder can be complex, and mental health professionals use specific criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) to make accurate assessments. If you or someone you know is experiencing mood disturbances or other mental health concerns, it is crucial to seek the guidance of a qualified mental health professional for a proper evaluation and diagnosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for managing bipolar disorder effectively.