Bipolar disorder is typically characterized by the presence of both depressive and manic (or hypomanic) episodes. However, there are specific types of bipolar disorder where individuals experience mood swings between mania and normal mood (euthymia), without experiencing significant depressive episodes. These types include:
Bipolar I Disorder: This type of bipolar disorder involves experiencing manic episodes that last at least seven days or are so severe that immediate hospitalization is required. Depressive episodes may or may not occur in this type.
Bipolar II Disorder: Bipolar II involves recurrent episodes of major depression and hypomania. Hypomania is similar to mania but less severe and doesn't involve psychosis. People with Bipolar II never experience full-blown manic episodes.
Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia): Cyclothymia is a milder form of bipolar disorder characterized by chronic mood swings between periods of hypomania and mild depression. However, these mood swings are not severe enough to meet the criteria for full-blown manic or major depressive episodes.
The common symptoms of mania or hypomania in bipolar disorder (without the presence of depression) may include:
Elevated Mood: Feeling extremely upbeat, euphoric, or overly joyful.
Increased Energy: Having a surplus of energy, feeling restless, and being highly active.
Reduced Need for Sleep: Feeling like one can go with little or no sleep without feeling tired.
Racing Thoughts: Having a rapid flow of ideas, often leading to difficulty concentrating or completing tasks.
Talkativeness: Engaging in excessive talking or speaking very rapidly.
Grandiosity: Having an inflated sense of self-importance or believing in one's extraordinary abilities or talents.
Risky Behavior: Engaging in impulsive activities with potentially negative consequences, such as reckless spending, substance abuse, or risky sexual behavior.
Irritability: Feeling easily agitated or irritable, especially when others don't share their enthusiasm or keep up with their pace.
Distractibility: Finding it hard to focus on one task as their attention is pulled to various stimuli.
It's important to note that bipolar disorder is a complex condition, and individuals may experience symptoms differently. Also, while depression may not be present during certain periods of the illness, it is common for most individuals with bipolar disorder to experience depressive episodes at some point.
If you or someone you know is experiencing mood swings, erratic behavior, or other symptoms that may be indicative of bipolar disorder, it's crucial to seek a professional evaluation and appropriate treatment. A mental health professional can provide a proper diagnosis and create a tailored treatment plan to manage the condition effectively.