Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), also known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), can present differently in girls compared to boys, which has led to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis in the past. However, it's important to note that ADHD is no longer classified into separate subtypes like ADD and ADHD but rather as presentations with three types: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined presentation.
Symptoms of ADHD in girls, especially the predominantly inattentive presentation, may include:
Inattention: Girls with ADHD may struggle to sustain attention to details, have difficulty organizing tasks, frequently lose items necessary for activities, and may seem forgetful or easily distracted.
Daydreaming: Girls may often appear as though they are lost in thought or daydreaming. They might miss out on instructions or not seem to be present mentally.
Low impulsivity: Compared to boys with ADHD, girls may exhibit fewer overt signs of impulsivity, like running around or interrupting others. Instead, their impulsivity may manifest in less noticeable ways, such as impulsive decision-making or engaging in risky behavior.
Emotional sensitivity: Girls with ADHD might be more emotionally sensitive, experiencing mood swings, heightened reactions to criticism, or feeling overwhelmed more easily.
Social challenges: Some girls with ADHD may struggle with social interactions and may find it challenging to maintain friendships due to their attention difficulties and potential impulsivity.
Executive functioning difficulties: This can include struggles with time management, planning, and completing tasks. Girls may also have difficulty initiating and organizing activities.
ADHD can occur in both boys and girls, but the way it manifests and is expressed can differ due to various factors, including societal expectations, differences in coping strategies, and neurological variations. Traditionally, ADHD has been more commonly diagnosed in boys, but it is now recognized that the condition is not gender-specific, and girls can be just as affected.
The prevalence of ADHD in the general population varies depending on the diagnostic criteria used and the population studied. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in the DSM-5, the estimated prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents is around 5%. However, studies have shown that the prevalence may be higher in certain subgroups or communities.
It is essential to remember that the diagnostic process for ADHD should be conducted by qualified healthcare professionals based on a comprehensive evaluation of the individual's history, behavior, and symptoms. If you suspect someone, regardless of gender, may have ADHD, it is crucial to seek professional advice and support. Early diagnosis and appropriate interventions can significantly improve the individual's quality of life and overall well-being.