The terms SC, ST, and OBC refer to specific categories of people in India that are recognized by the government for the purposes of social welfare and affirmative action. These categories are based on historical and social considerations and aim to address the historical injustices and discrimination faced by certain marginalized communities in India.
SC (Scheduled Castes): SCs are historically disadvantaged communities that have faced severe social discrimination and were considered "untouchable" in the caste-based social hierarchy. The Indian Constitution recognizes certain castes and communities as Scheduled Castes, providing them with special protections and benefits to uplift them from the social and economic disadvantages they have endured for centuries.
ST (Scheduled Tribes): STs are indigenous or tribal communities who have faced historical oppression, marginalization, and exploitation. They have a distinct cultural identity and often live in remote or underdeveloped regions. The Indian Constitution identifies certain tribes as Scheduled Tribes and grants them special provisions and support to address their unique needs and challenges.
OBC (Other Backward Classes): OBCs are social groups that have been historically disadvantaged but do not fall under the SC or ST categories. They might have faced social, educational, and economic backwardness due to various reasons. The OBC category is more diverse and includes a wide range of castes and communities that have been historically deprived of opportunities and resources.
The differentiation between SC, ST, and OBC is intended to recognize the diverse nature of social and economic backwardness and discrimination that exists in Indian society. Each category is eligible for specific affirmative action measures, such as reservation in educational institutions, government jobs, and other welfare schemes. These measures aim to provide equal opportunities and help bridge the gaps between these communities and the rest of society.
It is essential to understand that these classifications are a result of historical and social factors, and they vary from country to country based on their unique contexts and histories. The primary goal of these classifications is to promote social justice, uplift marginalized communities, and create a more equitable society.