As a general rule, therapists are required to maintain strict confidentiality regarding the information shared by their clients. However, there are certain situations where a therapist may be legally or ethically obligated to breach confidentiality, even if the client is not a minor.
Imminent danger to self or others: If a therapist believes that a client poses a serious and imminent risk of harm to themselves or others, they may need to take appropriate action to ensure safety. This could include notifying relevant authorities or family members.
Child or elder abuse: If a therapist has reason to believe that a child, elderly person, or any vulnerable individual is currently being abused or is at risk of abuse, they may be required by law to report this to the appropriate child or elder protective services agency.
Court order or subpoena: In some cases, a therapist may be compelled by a court order or subpoena to provide certain information about their client, which may include past instances of abuse.
Tarasoff duty: In some jurisdictions, therapists may have a "duty to warn" or a "duty to protect," which means they must take action if their client poses a serious threat to harm another identifiable individual.
Regarding past emotional abuse, it generally falls within the realm of confidentiality, and therapists are not required to report it if the abusive person is still in the client's life, and the client is not a minor. However, it's essential to discuss the specifics of confidentiality and reporting obligations with the therapist at the beginning of the therapeutic relationship to ensure a clear understanding of the therapist's policies and any legal requirements that may apply in their jurisdiction.
It's important to remember that therapy is a safe space, and clients should feel comfortable discussing their concerns and experiences with their therapist without fear of judgment or reprisal. Being honest and open with the therapist can help them provide the most appropriate support and guidance.