In the yogic system, the mind is believed to consist of 16 parts, which are collectively known as the "Antahkarana." These 16 components of the mind are grouped into four categories, each serving a different function in the inner workings of the mind. The four categories and their respective components are as follows:
Manas (Lower Mind): a. Indriyas: The five sensory organs - eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin. b. Tanmatras: The five subtle elements perceived by the senses - sound, touch, sight, taste, and smell.
Buddhi (Intellect): a. Ahankara: The ego or the sense of "I"ness, responsible for self-identification. b. Manas: The reasoning mind, responsible for thoughts, emotions, and desires.
Chitta (Memory): a. Chitta: The subconscious mind, the storehouse of memories and impressions. b. Ahamkara: The aspect of ego that identifies with the individual self.
Ahamkara (Ego): a. Chitta: The aspect of memory that holds impressions and experiences. b. Buddhi: The aspect of intellect responsible for decision-making and discernment.
These 16 components form an interconnected system that defines how the mind perceives, processes, and reacts to the external world and internal experiences. According to yoga philosophy, the goal of meditation and spiritual practice is to purify and quiet the mind, transcending the fluctuations of these components, and ultimately experiencing the true nature of self (Atman) beyond the realm of the mind.