The idea of a "firmament" above the Earth, as described in some ancient religious and cosmological beliefs, has been largely replaced by our modern understanding of the Earth's atmosphere and space. In ancient cosmology, the firmament was often believed to be a solid or rigid structure separating the Earth from the heavens or celestial bodies.
However, based on scientific knowledge and evidence accumulated over centuries, we now know that there is no physical barrier or solid firmament surrounding the Earth. The Earth's atmosphere extends several hundred kilometers above the surface and gradually thins out as we go higher into space. There is no solid boundary that would prevent us from entering space or reaching the waters above (if such waters existed).
Humans have already managed to break through the Earth's atmosphere and reach space. The first human-made object to achieve this was the V-2 rocket launched by Germany in 1944, and the first human to travel into space was Yuri Gagarin in 1961.
Since then, space exploration has become a reality, with numerous manned and unmanned missions venturing into space and beyond. Technologies like rockets and spacecraft have allowed us to explore the Moon, send robotic probes to other planets and moons, and even have humans live and work on the International Space Station (ISS) for extended periods.
The search for extraterrestrial life, including the possibility of life in the waters of other celestial bodies, such as Jupiter's moon Europa or Saturn's moon Enceladus, continues to be an area of scientific interest and exploration. However, reaching these distant locations remains a significant challenge due to the vast distances involved and the technical limitations of current space travel technology.
In summary, the concept of a firmament preventing humans from reaching the waters above is based on outdated cosmological beliefs. Modern science and space exploration have shown that there are no physical barriers preventing us from exploring space, but the vastness of the universe and the complexities of space travel pose formidable challenges that we continue to strive to overcome.