The animal with a bigger brain than humans, relative to its body size, is the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). The sperm whale's brain is the largest known brain of any animal on Earth, weighing about 17 pounds (7.8 kilograms) on average, while a human brain weighs around 3 pounds (1.4 kilograms) on average.
The intelligence of sperm whales is fascinating and has been studied extensively. However, it's essential to note that comparing intelligence between species is challenging, as intelligence manifests differently based on the animal's ecological niche and survival needs. While humans excel in complex cognitive abilities, problem-solving, language, and abstract thinking, other animals, including sperm whales, have evolved unique intelligence suited to their environments.
Sperm whales are known for their advanced social structures and communication skills, which involve a variety of clicks and vocalizations that are still not fully understood by scientists. Their brains are highly developed in regions associated with social behaviors and communication.
One of the most remarkable behaviors displayed by sperm whales is their diving capabilities. They are the deepest diving marine mammals, regularly reaching depths of 1,000 to 2,000 meters (3,280 to 6,560 feet) in search of their primary prey, giant squid. These deep dives require sophisticated navigation skills and the ability to hold their breath for extended periods, which is supported by their well-developed brain functions.
Sperm whales also exhibit strong family bonds and complex social structures. They live in matrilineal groups, where females and their offspring form lasting relationships and cooperate to protect each other from predators. This social complexity indicates the presence of advanced cognitive abilities that facilitate communication, coordination, and problem-solving within the group.
While the full extent of sperm whales' intelligence is not yet fully understood, their large brains and intricate social behaviors indicate a high level of cognitive complexity. They use their intelligence for communication, navigation, hunting, and maintaining social bonds, all of which contribute to their survival in the challenging and deep ocean environment they inhabit.