In ancient times, humans typically had larger families and more children for several reasons, primarily related to survival, cultural norms, and economic considerations. It's important to note that the reasons might vary from one ancient society to another, as cultural practices, beliefs, and environmental factors influenced family size differently across regions and time periods. Here are some common reasons why ancient humans had larger families:
High mortality rates: Infant mortality rates were significantly higher in ancient times due to limited medical knowledge and healthcare resources. Having more children increased the chances of some surviving to adulthood and taking care of the parents in their old age.
Labor force and agricultural needs: In agrarian societies, having a larger family was advantageous as it meant more hands to help with farm work and other labor-intensive activities. Children could contribute to the household's productivity from a young age.
Economic security: In times without modern social security or pension systems, having more children meant having more potential providers and caretakers for elderly parents. The support of multiple children could also help a family cope with economic fluctuations and provide a safety net.
Religious and cultural beliefs: Some ancient societies had religious or cultural beliefs that encouraged large families, considering children a blessing or a sign of prosperity.
Lack of contraception: Unlike today, reliable birth control methods were not available in ancient times. Couples had limited control over family planning, which often resulted in larger families.
Social status and lineage: In some societies, having a large family was seen as a symbol of social status and strength. It also helped in preserving family lineage and inheritance practices.
High child mortality: Besides infant mortality, children faced various health risks and diseases that could lead to early death. Having more children was a way to ensure the continuation of the family line despite these risks.
Lack of women's rights and empowerment: In patriarchal societies, women's roles were often restricted to child-rearing and household duties. The number of children a woman had was sometimes seen as a measure of her worth or contribution to the family.
It's important to emphasize that the reasons for larger families in ancient times were complex and multifaceted, and they might not apply to every ancient culture. Over time, with advances in healthcare, education, women's rights, and changes in cultural norms, family size has generally decreased in many parts of the world.