The belief that all humans literally descended from Adam and Eve is a theological interpretation derived from the Bible, particularly from the creation account in the Book of Genesis. According to the Genesis narrative, God created Adam from the dust of the earth, and then Eve was formed from Adam's rib. They were the first human beings, placed in the Garden of Eden.
The concept of the human race originating from a single pair of individuals (Adam and Eve) is known as "monogenism." This idea has been central to certain religious traditions, particularly within Christianity and Judaism, and it has been interpreted as the foundation of all human beings' common ancestry.
However, it's important to note that the interpretation of the creation account in Genesis and the understanding of human origins have been the subject of much debate and discussion among religious scholars and scientists. Some people interpret the creation story in a more literal manner, while others view it as allegorical or metaphorical.
From a scientific perspective, modern genetics and evolutionary biology provide evidence for the existence of a larger population of humans (a human population bottleneck) in the past, rather than originating from just two individuals. The theory of human evolution suggests that humans share a common ancestry with other primates and have evolved over millions of years through a process of natural selection and genetic variation.
Many religious individuals and groups have found ways to reconcile their beliefs with scientific findings by interpreting the Genesis creation account as symbolic or representative of larger truths rather than a literal historical event. This view allows for the acceptance of scientific evidence without compromising religious faith.
Ultimately, the question of human origins, as presented in religious texts like the Bible, and the scientific understanding of human evolution are complex topics that continue to be studied and discussed by theologians, scientists, and scholars. Different individuals and religious communities may hold varying beliefs on this matter, depending on their interpretations and faith traditions.